At the most fundamental level, a surgical unit or facility is a place where surgeries are performed. It may also be a place where patients are cared for and treated before or after the surgery.
In these cases, a patient will be prepared for surgery in the surgical unit, then transferred to the operating room (OR)—which is also part of the surgical unit—for the surgery itself. Then, upon the successful completion of the surgery, the patient will be transferred to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) and then discharged or transferred to another hospital unit, such as Med/Surg or the intensive care unit (ICU), for the remainder of their recovery.
And that’s it! Pretty much every specific factor of the surgical unit will be defined by other factors like the types of surgery performed by the surgical facility in question and the internal operations and setup of that hospital or other surgical facility.